Pediatrician Dr. Ş. Zeynep Haskalp Arıkan pointed out that infectious diseases spread rapidly in the autumn period and said, “The most basic way to protect against these diseases is to pay attention to hygiene rules. Teach your child to wash hands for at least 20 seconds. In addition, healthy nutrition and adequate sleep also strengthen immunity.”
Acıbadem Adana Hospital Pediatrics Specialist Dr. Ş. Zeynep Haskalp Arıkan pointed out that especially children become more susceptible to infection because their immune systems are not fully developed and explained that children can overcome this period in a healthier way with simple measures that can be taken.
Stating that the most common infectious diseases include upper respiratory tract infections, influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections and Covid-19, Dr. Arıkan gave important information about these diseases. Dr. Arıkan said that Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI) manifests itself with symptoms such as cold, runny nose, sore throat, cough and mild fever and is usually caused by viruses. He stated that antibiotic treatment will be required when bacteria are the causative factor of these infections. Speaking about influenza, which is especially common in school-age children and spreads rapidly, Dr. Arıkan stated that influenza, which is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, muscle and joint pain, headache and weakness, is very challenging for children.
“Pneumonia is dangerous in immunocompromised children”
Referring to bronchitis caused by inflammation of the airways called bronchi, Dr. Arıkan said, “Bronchitis occurs with symptoms such as cough, sputum production and shortness of breath, and may be more severe in children. Pneumonia (Pneumonia) is a serious disease that develops when the lung tissue becomes infected. It usually manifests itself with symptoms such as high fever, cough, shortness of breath and weakness. It can be dangerous for children with weak immune systems.” Stating that Covid-19 variants continue to spread among children, Dr. Arıkan said that children usually have this disease mildly, but it can be risky for children with weak immune systems or chronic diseases.
Stating that stomach and intestinal infections in children are often caused by viruses such as rotavirus and norovirus, Dr. Arıkan stated that symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain are seen in these infections. Speaking about hand foot and mouth disease, which is also seen in the fall and winter months, Arıkan said, “It manifests itself with painful sores in the mouth, rash and blisters on the hands, feet and buttocks. Mild fever, sore throat and fatigue are also common. Although it is usually seen in children under the age of 5, older children and adults can also get the disease. Treatment is supportive treatment in the form of painkillers, antipyretics, plenty of fluid intake, soothing mouthwashes,” he said.
“Hands should be washed for at least 20 seconds”
Underlining that the most important measures to be taken to prevent diseases are hygiene and keeping the immune system strong, Dr. Arıkan listed the main measures as follows:
“Hand washing is one of the most effective ways to protect children from diseases. Children should be made to wash their hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds before going to school, before and after meals and after using the toilet. If soap and water are not available, alcohol-based hand sanitizers can be used.”
Pointing out the importance of using masks to prevent the spread of diseases such as Covid-19 and influenza, Dr. Arıkan added that regular ventilation of classrooms in closed and crowded environments such as schools can reduce the spread of airborne viruses.
“Eating vegetables and fruits strengthens the immune system”
Emphasizing that a healthy and balanced diet is essential for a strong immune system, Dr. Arıkan said, “A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, protein and healthy fats, especially foods containing vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc strengthen the immune system. Adequate sleep also makes the body more resistant to infections.” Stating that the flu vaccine is also very effective, he recommended vaccination especially for children in the risk group.
“It is essential to drink plenty of fluids and rest”
Stating that the treatment of these diseases is usually symptomatic, that is, treatment is applied to eliminate symptoms, Dr. Arıkan said, “Since viral infections cause rapid loss of body fluids in children, drinking plenty of fluids keeps the body moist and accelerates the healing process. The body needs energy to fight against diseases and rest helps the body in this process. Steam treatment can be applied to relieve nasal congestion, especially in upper respiratory tract infections. Water vapor moisturizes the nasal passages, reduces congestion and facilitates breathing.”
Arıkan added that probiotic supplements support the immune system in gastrointestinal infections, especially in cases of diarrhea.
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